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Krypteia

"If the call cryptic had been one of the institutions of Lycurgus, as Aristotle says, it would have been what Plato would have made the wrong form of that concept that formed government and that established it. "

Plutarch" Parallel Lives: Lycurgus "

Hidden among the oaks and olive trees, likened to the wolf and the fox in the art of stalking, the young Spartans are hidden in the brush, who may face punishment for being caught. The night be without full moon, I like the dogs. arise from the vegetation looting and killing. Their prey is the food of the slaves of the State Spartan Helots, their lives are the goal. Multiple slaves succumb to the hordes of the top tier, Sparta started their youth, subjecting dominated.

the helots, slaves owned, privately owned not a citizen, were from people under spearhead. Sparta conquered populations (people from nearby Greece, Messinia mainly) were transferred to the capital's city to continue a life of servitude. With no rights, and all obligations, these slaves, treated worse than the private slave, were treated as beasts of burden, subject to population controls. The abuse led Leonidas the "people ilota" multiple rebellions, which is why the krypteia was necessary as a deterrent.

The krypteia was a ritual of initiation. Were selected several young Spartans who were sent to the mountain provided only a knife and staple food. Barefoot and without warm clothes, were forced to roam the hills, under penalty of being caught. At night, they had to attack and terrorize the population ilota, killing those who crossed his path (political insurgents in many cases). For Plutarch himself was a cruel ritual, not at all characteristic of the legendary Lycurgus. The boys, who under agogo (educational system of Sparta) had not known more "love" that the State, were inducted into the war, while manipulated in favor of what would be his last well over of their lives: the prosperity of Sparta. The krypteia was a final rite, once past Spartans would become void. Young, who had previously been entrusted to the direction of teachers pedophiles, were stripped of any trace of individual dignity. The "vice Spartan, anal penetration, they had removed all dignity, issue of blood that would take advantage krypteia to make them soldiers, "an instrument of state.

is curious how many of the prejudices that make us look at the barbaric and unworthy of the salvation of the West Spartans! Was the tyrant Xerxes ... or simply the civilization? Spartan education has been, throughout the ages, an example of efficiency and discipline. Several sports teams, especially the socialist orbit, receive this name (such as Sparta Prague or Moscow). The agogo Spartan was the historical basis underpinning the formation of the Hitler Youth and Mussolini. All fears of George Orwell, outlined in "1984" were made, centuries before, the hosts of Leonidas and Lycurgus. It was always said that war trumps the most bastard, was that the reason for the success Spartan?

When the Persians sought to conquer Greece was for peaceful reasons. Indeed, the Asian power sought to extend his empire to the other side of the Bosphorus, getting to dominate the Greek polis, the source of much of the bloodthirsty mercenaries who offer their services throughout the length and width Mediterranean. Leonidas, leader of the Spartan hegemony city, commanded the famous command of the 300 Spartans (and many other Greek soldiers from different backgrounds) in the battle of Thermopylae. His sacrifice is said, was to give time to other Greeks to escape.

is curious that we always get the version of the victor, and in cases like this, how is it that we so slow to recognize the "cultural superiority, economic, etc." Persia on Sparta? How is it that we so slow to condemn the "master of tyranny" and, far from it, plus we give them movies? Maybe it's because we are still disciples of the Spartans media?

* Description of the "krypteia" Plutarch: "It was like this: judges at some time sent by various parties that they thought young people had more sense, which had only his sword, the food is absolutely necessary, and nothing else. Here, sparse day for hiding places are kept hidden and rest, but at night went to roads, and they caught the helots were killing them, and many times, leaving the fields, did away with the most robust and powerful of them. Thucydides relates in his History of the Peloponnesian War, having been crowned as free those who first Spartan helots had been identified as outstanding value, and toured the temples of the Gods, and Shortly afterwards, suddenly disappeared, and more than two thousand in number, but neither then nor later nobody has been able to account for how they were killed. Aristotle is also the one who mainly writes that ephors first thing they did upon entering office was to denounce the war on the helots, so that was not abominable to kill them. On the other hateful things are said to be hard posing them, thus forcing them to drink immoderately that took them by the Public Facilities for young people see what is drunkenness, and forced to sing obscene songs and dances and silly dance , not allowing those who were free men say so that later dispatched to the helots who were taken captive by the army raised in Thebes against Sparta, who sing the poems of Terpander of Espendente Alcman and the Lacedaemonians, excused themselves by saying they did not want their masters. It seems, therefore, that those who said the free Sparta were completely free, and slaves, slaves to the utmost, they understood very well what was at this point of Sparta to other peoples. So I think that this hardness is introduced later in Sparta, especially after the great earthquake which is said to helots, sitting with Messenians, causing severe damage throughout the region, and put the city in great danger : because I do not ascribe to Lycurgus an institution as atrocious as the cryptic, inferring the nature of humanity and justice in the rest of his life shines, confirmed by the testimony of Apollo.

Images: 1) "Young Spartans exercising "of Degas, 2) Marble statue of a helmed hoplite (5th century BC), maybe Leonidas, Sparta, Archaeological Museum of Sparta